Alcohol - Effects on the body

Alcohol contains a chemical called Ethanol which acts as a depressant on the central nervous system. This carries a variety of side effects. The amount of alcohol consumed and the circumstances of consumption greatly influence the level of intoxication in the body.

If alcohol is consumed with a meal for instance, you are far less likely to see visible signs of intoxication than if it is consumed on an empty stomach. The level to which the body is hydrated will also determine the effect on the body, and very importantly, whether a person will experience a 'hangover'. Alcohol content in the blood is measured in terms of 'blood alcohol content'.

The varied reaction in mood that is seen with alcohol is called a biphasic effect. After consuming a small amount of alcohol the drinker will experience an elevation in mood, and may feel relaxed and cheerful. However, as more alcohol is consumed the effect on the body alters. Cell membranes in the body are highly susceptible to alcohol and so once it has penetrated the cell membranes it is then able to diffuse into the majority of tissues in the body.

Alcohol is known to reduce the influence of ADH, which is a hormone that acts on the Kidneys. This hormone allows the reabsorption of water in the body, via filtration in the kidneys. However, alcohol suppresses the hormone, meaning that the body is no longer able to absorb water in the body as effectively. This means that the body will produce urine excessively and overall the body becomes dehydrated.